[232][233] During the Cold War, Canada was a major contributor to UN forces in the Korean War and founded the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) in cooperation with the United States to defend against potential aerial attacks from the Soviet Union. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [83], Because Britain still maintained control of Canada's foreign affairs under the British North America Act, 1867, its declaration of war in 1914 automatically brought Canada into World War I. [470] Other sports such as volleyball, skiing, cycling, swimming, badminton, tennis, bowling and the study of martial arts are all widely enjoyed at the youth and amateur levels. [458] Government support programs, such as the Canada Music Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Canadian music. [275], In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. [412] During the 20th century, Canadians with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture. [144] About 65 percent of Canada's resident species are considered "Secure". [85] Canada provided asylum for the Dutch monarchy while that country was occupied and is credited by the Netherlands for major contributions to its liberation from Nazi Germany. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. [378], The "Fundamental Freedoms" section of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states:[379]. On the east and west coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s C (70s F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30C (77 to 86F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40C (104F). [206], Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. [98] Socially democratic programs were also instituted, such as Medicare, the Canada Pension Plan, and Canada Student Loans, though provincial governments, particularly Quebec and Alberta, opposed many of these as incursions into their jurisdictions. [209] In most rural and some urban areas, policing responsibilities are contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police. [123] By land area alone, Canada ranks fourth, due to having the world's largest area of fresh water lakes. [62], The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. [136] In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. [177][178][179] Five parties had representatives elected to the Parliament in the 2021 electionthe Liberal Party, who currently form a minority government; the Conservative Party, who are the Official Opposition; the New Democratic Party; the Bloc Qubcois; and the Green Party of Canada. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [139] In the southern regions of Canada, air pollution from both Canada and the United Statescaused by metal smelting, burning coal to power utilities, and vehicle emissionshas resulted in acid rain, which has severely impacted waterways, forest growth and agricultural productivity in Canada. [213] These treaties are agreements between the Canadian Crown-in-Council with the duty to consult and accommodate. WebCanada is a vast and rugged land. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. Experience the beautiful campus and enriching community that makes Caada College the school for you! [304] Canada also accepts large numbers of refugees, accounting for over 10 percent of annual global refugee resettlements; it resettled more than 28,000 in 2018. [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [336] Established in 1663, Universit Laval is the oldest post-secondary institution in Canada. [299] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[300] driven mainly by economic policy and also family reunification. [150] Approximately 13.8 percent of its territorial waters are conserved, including 8.9 percent designated as protected areas. Together, the provinces collect more revenue than the federal government, a rarity among other federations in the world. [45] In general, early settlements during the Age of Discovery appear to have been short-lived due to a combination of the harsh climate, problems with navigating trade routes and competing outputs in Scandinavia. [370] There are 11 Indigenous language groups, composed of more than 65 distinct languages and dialects. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18, 2017, by Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada. Canada is a country in North America. [341] The country invests heavily in tertiary education (more than US$20,000 per student). Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [329][330][331], Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. [294] Since the 1960s, Canada's aerospace industry has designed and built numerous marques of satellite, including Radarsat-1 and 2, ISIS and MOST. In 2006, the average age in Canada was 39.5 years;[317] it rose to 42.4 years by 2018[318] before falling slightly to 41.9 in 2021. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [474] Canadian teams in these leagues include seven franchises in the National Hockey League, as well as three Major League Soccer teams and one team in each of Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. [308] The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Quebec CityWindsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. [161] An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Canada's political culture. [188] The leader of the party with the second-most seats usually becomes the leader of the Official Opposition and is part of an adversarial parliamentary system intended to keep the government in check. The person who is the Canadian monarch is the same as the British monarch, although the two institutions are separate. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. [24][25] Some of these cultures had collapsed by the time European explorers arrived in the late 15th and early 16th centuries and have only been discovered through archeological investigations. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. [202] The Statute of Westminster, 1931 granted full autonomy, and the Constitution Act, 1982 ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. [55], The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established First Nation treaty rights, created the Province of Quebec out of New France, and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, education, gender equality and environmental sustainability. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98million square kilometres (3.85million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area. A highly developed country, Canada has the 24th highest nominal per capita income globally and the fifteenth-highest ranking on the Human Development Index. Canada holds the third largest oil reserves after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and is the only non-OPEC member in the top five. 4,524,782. [134] Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays). [438] Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural outputparticularly in English films, television shows, and magazinesis often overshadowed by imports from the United States. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. The territories being creatures of the federal government, changes to their role and division of powers may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada. [349], The country's ten largest self-reported specific ethnic or cultural origins in 2021 were Canadian[c] (accounting for 15.6percent of the population), followed by English (14.7percent), Irish (12.1percent), Scottish (12.1percent), French (11.0percent), German (8.1percent), Chinese (4.7percent), Italian (4.3percent), Indian (3.7percent), and Ukrainian (3.5percent). Canada is a country in North America. [30] The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of European diseases, such as influenza, measles, and smallpox to which they had no natural immunity,[27][31] conflicts over the fur trade, conflicts with the colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of Indigenous lands to settlers and the subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency. [108] This led to the formation of the Bloc Qubcois in Quebec and the invigoration of the Reform Party of Canada in the West. [231] Since then, Canada has been an advocate for multilateralism, making efforts to resolve global issues in collaboration with other nations. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. [42] French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and established the first permanent year-round European settlements at Port Royal (in 1605) and Quebec City (in 1608). TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons, and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. [130], Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachian region, the Western Cordillera, Hudson Bay Lowlands and the Arctic Archipelago. Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec allow for both English and French to be spoken in the provincial legislatures, and laws are enacted in both languages. [303] New immigrants settle mostly in major urban areas in the country, such as Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. [221], Canada was a founding member of the United Nations and has membership in the World Trade Organization, the G20 and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). More details on the reporting schedule. [139] The rate of warming has been higher across the North and in the Prairies. Find out what document you need to travel, visit family and friends, do business, or transit through Canada, and how to extend your stay. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. [142] Although Canada has a low percentage of endemic species compared to other countries,[143] due to human activities, invasive species and environmental issues in the country, there are currently more than 800 species at risk of being lost. [18], After the successful American War of Independence, the 1783 Treaty of Paris recognized the independence of the newly formed United States and set the terms of peace, ceding British North American territories south of the Great Lakes and east of the Mississippi River to the new country. Last updated on October 19th, 2022. [115] Canada also joined the Gulf War in 1990 as part of a United Statesled coalition force and was active in several peacekeeping missions in the 1990s, including the UNPROFOR mission in the former Yugoslavia. Zellers canada locations 2023. [460] Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC. [26], The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000[27] and two million,[28] with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Other popular professional competitions include the Canadian Football League, National Lacrosse League, the Canadian Premier League, and the various curling tournaments sanctioned and organized by Curling Canada. Christians, representing 53.3percent of the population in 2021, are followed by people reporting irreligion or having no religion at 34.6percent. [464] "The Maple Leaf Forever", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem. [369], Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. A house was sold without the owners' consent. [393][394], Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "just society" are constitutionally protected. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. [85], The first Canadian Army units arrived in Britain in December 1939. Contracts with government. [463], Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. Although the Constitution of Canada refers to God and the monarch carries the title of "Defender of the Faith", Canada has no official church, and the government is officially committed to religious pluralism. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [285] Other major Canadian scientific contributions include the artificial cardiac pacemaker, mapping the visual cortex,[286][287] the development of the electron microscope,[288][289] plate tectonics, deep learning, multi-touch technology and the identification of the first black hole, Cygnus X-1. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy in the Westminster tradition. [413] Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. [152] Canada's oldest provincial park, Algonquin Provincial Park, established in 1893, covers an area of 7,653.45 square kilometres (2,955.01sqmi). [64] New arrivals included refugees escaping the Great Irish Famine as well as Gaelic-speaking Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances. [414], Themes of nature, pioneers, trappers, and traders played an important part in the early development of Canadian symbolism. Education in both English and French is available in most places across Canada. Total cases. [481] Most recently, Canada hosted the 2015 Pan American Games and 2015 Parapan American Games in Toronto, the former being one of the largest sporting events hosted by the country. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". Through their language, art and music, Indigenous peoples continue to influence the Canadian identity. [138] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7C (3.1F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3C (2.0 to 4.1F) in various regions, since 1948. [175][176] Far-right and far-left politics have never been a prominent force in Canadian society. [462] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame, established in 1976, honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements. [240][b] In 2021, Canada's military expenditure totalled approximately $26.4billion, or around 1.3percent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Many moved to Canada, particularly Atlantic Canada, where their arrival changed the demographic distribution of the existing territories. [445] Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising. The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [449] The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada.
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