[62], The climate is mostly tropical savanna and influenced by the monsoon pattern. [153][154] Buddhism has long been one of the most important social forces in Laos. Laos also has ongoing problems with the business environment, including onerous registration requirements, a gap between legislation and implementation, and unclear or conflicting regulations. )arable land: 6.2% (2018 est. [176][177], Polygamy is officially a crime in Laos, though the penalty is minor. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. ), total: 128,000 (2020 est. Present-day Laos traces its historic and cultural identity to Lan Xang, which existed from the 13th century to the 18th century as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. By submitting this form, I am giving express written consent to receive emails, text messages, OTT app messages (e.g., WhatsApp messages), and/or telephone calls including mobile from or on behalf of Academy of Art University at the phone number (s) I provided using automated technology. [25] Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. Electricity is available to 83% of the population. )consumption: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [4] Quc gia: Nht Bn. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 683,000 residents in 2020. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was a constitutional monarchy that ruled Laos beginning with its independence on 9 November 1953. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). [171], As of 2018, Laos has three theatres dedicated to showing films.[172]. More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. State flag and civil ensign of Kingdom of Laos [4] [5] Three horizontal stripes, with the The 1957 document was abrogated in December 1975, when a communist people's republic was proclaimed. WebFor the history of Laos under the joint Franco-Japanese protectorate, see Laos (Indochinese Union). There is limited external and internal telecommunication, but mobile phones have become widespread. Lao People's Democratic Republic", Asian Migrations: Social and Geographical Mobilities in Southeast, East, and Northeast Asia, "Release of the Global Innovation Index 2020: Who Will Finance Innovation? [50], In 1975 the Pathet Lao overthrew the royalist government, forcing King Savang Vatthana to abdicate on 2 December 1975. ), total: 24 yearsmale: 23.7 yearsfemale: 24.4 years (2020 est. [155] Government expenditure on health is about four percent of GDP,[155] about US$18 (PPP) in 2006. ::", "Global Religious Landscape; Table: Religious Composition by Country", "Human Development Report 2009. ), at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female15-24 years: 1 male(s)/female25-54 years: 0.99 male(s)/female55-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/femaletotal population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est. [96][97] In The Economist's Democracy Index 2016 Laos was classified as an "authoritarian regime", ranking lowest of the nine ASEAN nations included in the study. )female: 10.3% (2020 est. The Lao Kingdom was formally proclaimed when the new constitution was promulgated in 1947 as part of the French colonial union, and gained full independence in 1953. [47], The foreign relations of Laos after the takeover by the Pathet Lao in December 1975 were characterised by a hostile posture toward the West, with the government of the Lao PDR aligning itself with the Soviet Bloc, maintaining close ties with the Soviet Union and depending heavily on the Soviets for most of its foreign assistance. Paul Lvy, ''Histoire du Laos'', PUF, 1974. ), total population: 68.15 yearsmale: 66.49 yearsfemale: 69.88 years (2022 est. [citation needed]. Luang Prabang and Vat Phou are both UNESCO World Heritage sites. [167] One production company's film that has succeeded to produce Lao feature films and gain international recognition is Lao New Wave Cinema's At the Horizon, directed by Anysay Keola, that was screened at the OzAsia Film Festival[168] and Lao Art Media's Chanthaly (Lao: ) directed by Mattie Do, which was screened at the 2013 Fantastic Fest. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. ), municipal: 130 million cubic meters (2017 est. Its thickly forested landscape consists mostly of rugged mountains, the highest of which is Phou Bia at 2,818 metres (9,245ft), with some plains and plateaus. Recently, the country has faced a persistent current account deficit, falling foreign currency reserves, and growing public debt. )percent of population: 34% (2020 est. ), electrification - total population: 95% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 98% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.346 million kW (2020 est. Entitled The Rocket, the film appeared at the 2013 Melbourne International Film Festival and won three awards at the Berlin International Film Festival. It is estimated that about 37% of educated Laotians live outside Laos. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 37.871 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [citation needed], According to estimates, around 300,000 people fled to Thailand as a consequence of governmental repressions. ), Laos is a predominantly rural country with a youthful population almost 55% of the population is under the age of 25. Its progress on health and development issues has been uneven geographically, among ethnic groups, and socioeconomically. Laos has made headway in poverty reduction, with the poverty rate almost halving from 46% in 1992/93 to 22% in 2012/13. Nevertheless, pronounced rural-urban disparities persist, and income inequality is rising. Poverty most affects populations in rural and highland areas, particularly ethnic minority groups., The total fertility rate (TFR) has decreased markedly from around 6 births per woman on average in 1990 to approximately 2.8 in 2016, but it is still one of the highest in Southeast Asia. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Nevertheless, Laos remains a country with an underdeveloped infrastructure, particularly in rural areas. According to independent non-profit/non-governmental organisations (NGOs) such as Amnesty International,[104] Human Rights Watch,[105] and Civil Rights Defenders,[106] along with the US State Department,[107] serious human rights violations such as arbitrary detentions, disappearances, free speech restrictions, prison abuses and other violations are an ongoing problem. An "urban" village is essentially a town.[58]. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. TFR is higher in rural and remote areas, among ethnic minority groups, the less-educated, and the poor; it is lower in urban areas and among the more educated and those with higher incomes. Although Laos mortality rates have improved substantially over the last few decades, the maternal mortality rate and childhood malnutrition remain at high levels. As fertility and mortality rates continue to decline, the proportion of Laos working-age population will increase, and its share of dependents will shrink. The age structure shift will provide Laos with the potential to realize a demographic dividend during the next few decades, if it can improve educational access and quality and gainfully employ its growing working-age population in productive sectors. Currently, Laos primary school enrollment is nearly universal, but the drop-out rate remains problematic. Secondary school enrollment has also increased but remains low, especially for girls., Laos has historically been a country of emigration and internal displacement due to conflict and a weak economy. [64] A new province, Xaisomboun province, was established on 13 December 2013. The stated policy objectives of both the Lao government and international donors remain focused upon achieving sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. [49] Due to the particularly heavy impact of cluster bombs during this war, Laos was a strong advocate of the Convention on Cluster Munitions to ban the weapons and was host to the First Meeting of States Parties to the convention in November 2010. Sticky rice is generally preferred over jasmine rice, and sticky rice cultivation and production is thought to have originated in Laos. )58.4% of GDP (2016 est. Moreover, 130,000 deaths can be attributed to the civil war. It is produced by the Lao Brewery Company. Energy Efficiency Retrofitting of Buildings Challenges and Methods", Diller, Anthony; Edmondson, Jerry; Luo, Yongxian (2004). [141] Laos's predominantly rural[142] population makes investing in sanitation difficult. The Kingdom of Laosball was an Indochinese state prior to the foundation of Lao People's Democratic Republicball. Usually called Laos . The Lao government has been working with the International Rice Research Institute of the Philippines to collect seed samples of each of the thousands of rice varieties found in Laos. US Representative Steve Gunderson, for instance, told a Hmong gathering: "I do not enjoy standing up and saying to my government that you are not telling the truth, but if that is necessary to defend truth and justice, I will do that. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. Lao (official), French, English, various ethnic languagesmajor-language sample(s): (Lao)The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. )$1.111 billion (31 December 2019 est. [135] The European Council on Trade and Tourism awarded the country the "World Best Tourist Destination" designation for 2013 for architecture and history.[136]. Shop with confidence. [104] Later reports have contradicted this, claiming they were sentenced to 20 years in prison. ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) Policy Brief Series, No 7. Laosin kuningaskunta. )9,045.788 (2020 est. WebThe Kingdom of Laos was officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, [2] and obtained full independence in 1953. [61] According to the October 2007 UNODC fact book Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia, the poppy cultivation area was 15 square kilometres (5.8sqmi), down from 18 square kilometres (6.9sqmi) in 2006. [140], Laos has made particularly noteworthy progress increasing access to sanitation. [156] Laos was ranked 117th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 down from 113rd in 2020.[157][158][159][160][161]. Laos held the chairmanship of ASEAN in 2016. )1.03% (2020 est. "[132], The country's most widely recognised product may well be Beerlao, which in 2017 was exported to more than 20 countries worldwide. )agricultural: 7.02 billion cubic meters (2017 est. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 8.15 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Learn more - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? note: data are in current year dollars$6.985 billion (2019 est. (2022)domestic: fixed-line nearly 20 per 100 and 56 per 100 for mobile-cellular subscriptions (2020)international: country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and a second to be developed by Chinanote: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services, 6 TV stations operating out of Vientiane - 3 government-operated and the others commercial; 17 provincial stations operating with nearly all programming relayed via satellite from the government-operated stations in Vientiane; Chinese and Vietnamese programming relayed via satellite from Lao National TV; broadcasts available from stations in Thailand and Vietnam in border areas; multi-channel satellite and cable TV systems provide access to a wide range of foreign stations; state-controlled radio with state-operated Lao National Radio (LNR) broadcasting on 5 frequencies - 1 AM, 1 SW, and 3 FM; LNR's AM and FM programs are relayed via satellite constituting a large part of the programming schedules of the provincial radio stations; Thai radio broadcasts available in border areas and transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are also accessible, total: 2,473,689 (2020 est. For example, Article 8 makes it clear that Laos is a multinational state and is committed to equality between ethnic groups. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Laos on February 7, 1950, when the U.S. Department of State made an "Lao Refugees Return Home Under European Union Repatriation Program", Associated Press Worldstream, 22 11, 1994. English, the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has become increasingly studied in recent years. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. ), 63.6% of GDP (2017 est. Laos is a member of the Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement, the ASEAN, East Asia Summit, and La Francophonie. [101] On 25 September 2009, Laos ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, nine years after signing the treaty. Additionally, the Khao San Pathet Lao, the country's official news agency, publishes English and French versions of its eponymous paper. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. WebKingdom of Laos: The Land of the Million Elephants and of the White Parasol Paperback January 1, 1959 by Rene De Berval (Author) See all formats and editions ), Thailand 53%, China 26%, Vietnam 10% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, cattle, iron structures, steel products (2019), $1.476 billion (31 December 2021 est. Setthathirath became king in 1548, after his father was killed, and ordered the construction of what became the symbol of Laos, That Luang. Settathirath disappeared in the mountains on his way back from a military expedition into Cambodia, and Lan Xang fell into more than seventy years of instability, involving both Burmese invasion and civil war. [47] As of 22March2021[update] the head of state is President Thongloun Sisoulith. [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. )beer: 3.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The sinh is a traditional garment worn by Lao women in daily life. Get the item you ordered or get your money back. [76], In 1989, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with the support of the US government, instituted the Comprehensive Plan of Action, a programme to stem the tide of Indochinese refugees from Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. Karen J, "House Panel Hears Concerns About Hmong", States News Service, 26 April 1994. Mon-Khmer groups, the Hmong, and other indigenous hill tribes live in the foothills and mountains. The national basketball team competed at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games where it beat Myanmar in the eighth place game. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. It has failed to qualify for the FIFA World Cup or the AFC Asian Cup, but has participated in minor competitions like the AFC Solidarity Cup and the AFF Championship. (approximately $100 million)0.2% of GDP (2016 est.) Sample translated sentence: . )investment in fixed capital: 30.9% (2017 est. )5.46% (2019 est. Laos's first expressway, the VientianeBoten Expressway, parallels both Route 13 and the BotenVientiane railway; the first section from Vientiane to Vang Vieng was opened in 2020, with other sections under construction. [121] The irrigated areas under cultivation account for only 28% of the total area under cultivation which, in turn, represents only 12% of all of the agricultural land in 2012. WebThe Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the Tai peoples who by the 8th century ce had established a powerful kingdom, Nanzhao, in Laos applied for membership of the World Trade Organization in 1997; on 2 February 2013, it was granted full membership. ), production: 16.04 million metric tons (2020 est. [48], Some 80million bombs failed to explode and remain scattered throughout the country, rendering vast swaths of land impossible to cultivate. )refined petroleum consumption: 19,300 bbl/day (2019 est. They were to have been released by October 2009, but their whereabouts remain unknown. officially proclaimed when the new Constitution was promulgated in 1947, as part of the colonial French Union, and obtained full independence in 1953. It briefly gained independence in 1945 after Japanese occupation but was re-colonised by France until it won autonomy in 1949. [68] Laos also maintained a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalised a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Lan Xang became an important trade centre during Samsenthai's reign, but after his death in 1421 it collapsed into warring factions for nearly a century. Ninety-three percent of households have a telephone, either fixed line or mobile. [citation needed], Massive aerial bombardments against the PAVN/Pathet Lao forces were carried out by the United States to prevent the collapse of the Kingdom of Laos central government, and to deny the use of the Ho Chi Minh Trail to attack US forces in South Vietnam. )imports: 18,000 metric tons (2020 est. Subsistence agriculture still accounts for half of the GDP and provides 80% of employment. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. WebSearch from Kingdom Of Laos stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. He encouraged a renaissance of Lao fine arts and literature and improved relations with Luang Phrabang. (approximately $95 million)0.2% of GDP (2015 est.) However, the latter is considered pejorative, meaning 'slave'. 0-14 years: 31.25% (male 1,177,297/female 1,149,727)15-24 years: 20.6% (male 763,757/female 770,497)25-54 years: 38.29% (male 1,407,823/female 1,443,774)55-64 years: 5.73% (male 206,977/female 219,833)65 years and over: 4.13% (male 139,665/female 168,046) (2020 est. Select from premium Kingdom Of Laos of the highest quality. WebProtectorate flag of Kingdom of Laos. The constitution also contains provisions for gender equality, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and freedom of press and assembly. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. "Laos refuses to take back Thai-based Hmong refugees", Smith, Philip, Washington, D.C. (12 December 2014), Kyophilavong, Phouphet, et al. Laos' economy is heavily dependent on capital-intensive natural resource exports. ), production: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. Picture Information. and Yurnaidi, Z., 2020. In 2010, one in every 11 jobs was in the tourism sector. Major festivals include Lao New Year celebrated around 1315 April and involves a water festival similar but more subdued than that of Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as an independent kingdom under Japanese protection. The Lao National Tourism Administration, related government agencies and the private sector are working together to realise the vision put forth in the country's National Ecotourism Strategy and Action Plan. ), $7.82 billion (2021 est.) The constitution and Family Code bar the legal recognition of polygamous marriages, stipulating that monogamy is the principal form of marriage in the country. Laos gained Normal Trade Relations status with the US in 2004 and applied for Generalized System of Preferences trade benefits in 2013 after being admitted to the World Trade Organization earlier in the year. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. )-$1.32 billion (2019 est. Lao PDR: How to Attract More Investment in Small-Scale Renewable Energy? Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam, total: 236,800 sq kmland: 230,800 sq kmwater: 6,000 sq km, about twice the size of Pennsylvania; slightly larger than Utah, total: 5,274 kmborder countries (5): Burma 238 km; Cambodia 555 km; China 475 km; Thailand 1,845 km; Vietnam 2,161 km, tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April), mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus, highest point: Phu Bia 2,817 mlowest point: Mekong River 70 mmean elevation: 710 m, timber, hydropower, gypsum, tin, gold, gemstones, agricultural land: 10.6% (2018 est. On September 1, 1945, the Kingdom of Laos was confirmed [2] as A second Provisional Government of National Unity formed by Prince Souvanna Phouma in 1962 was unsuccessful, and the situation steadily deteriorated into large scale civil war between the Royal Laotian government and the Pathet Lao. ), unexploded ordnance; deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; water pollution, most of the population does not have access to potable water, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements, particulate matter emissions: 24.49 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. WebKingdom 2 To Distant Lands (Harukanaru Daichi E) 2022 135 Pht. While some Hmong people returned to Laos voluntarily, with development assistance from UNHCR, allegations of forced repatriation surfaced. [32], In 1520, Photisarath came to the throne and moved the capital from Luang Prabang to Vientiane to avoid a Burmese invasion. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). (approximately $120 million)0.2% of GDP (2018 est.) Recognition of Laotian Independence, 1950. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. [131] In 2019, the UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights conducted an official visit to Laos and found that the country's top-down approach to economic growth and poverty alleviation "is all too often counterproductive, leading to impoverishment and jeopardising the rights of the poor and marginalised. )forest: 67.9% (2018 est. [139]:19, The martial art of muay Lao, the national sport,[180] is a form of kickboxing similar to Thailand's muay Thai, Burmese Lethwei and Cambodian Pradal Serey. )services: 45.9% (2017 est. WebKingdom-of-laos Definition Meanings Definition Source Filter A former country in Southeast Asia (official name). )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10% (2015 est. ), municipal solid waste generated annually: 351,900 tons (2015 est. Din vin: Kanna Hashimoto Kento Yamazaki Ryo Yoshizawa. )imports of goods and services: -43.2% (2017 est. )biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2020 est. He later died under suspicious circumstances in a re-education camp. Laos has retained its official commitment to communism and maintains close ties with its two communist neighbors, Vietnam and China, both of which continue to exert substantial political and economic influence on the country. Stone artefacts including Hoabinhian types have been found at sites dating to the Late Pleistocene in northern Laos. [129], In 2018, the country ranked 139th on the Human Development Index (HDI), indicating medium development. They were the indigenous inhabitants of northern Laos. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. [47][46], In 1968, the PAVN launched a multi-division attack to help the Pathet Lao fight the RLA. [147] Ten percent belong to other "lowland" groups, which together with the Lao people make up the Lao Loum (lowland people). Laos was then dependent on military and economic aid from the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Let's say that Thailand, being inspired by Russia's recent moves towards Ukraine, decides that Laos is a fake country that deserves to be reunified with the Thai motherland. Laos used to be a part of Thailand and the Lao and Thai languages are mutually intelligible. So, Thailand decides to invade Laos. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. )expenditures: 4.038 billion (2017 est. [108] In late February 2017, two of those imprisoned were finally released after 17 years. [34], Chao Anouvong was installed as a vassal king of Vientiane by the Siamese. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. jw2019 Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. ", Barclay, Adam and Shrestha, Samjhana (AprilJune 2006). [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. [44] On 9 March 1945, a nationalist group declared Laos once more independent, with Luang Prabang as its capital, but on 7 April 1945 two battalions of Japanese troops occupied the city. ), 40.726 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. [184], Laos has no tradition in other team sports. )from petroleum and other liquids: 2.855 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )government consumption: 14.1% (2017 est. ), total: 37.78 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 41.76 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 33.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2022 est. [143], The term "Laotian" does not necessarily refer to the Lao language, ethnic Lao people, language or customs. [3] On September 17, 1945, the Kingdom of Luang Prabang and remaining Laotian territory were officially unified. In response, the United States initiated a bombing campaign against the PAVN positions, supported regular and irregular anti-communist forces in Laos, and supported Army of the Republic of Vietnam incursions into Laos.
Minecraft Ecchi Texture Pack,
Live Wedding Painting Cancun,
After Hours Alcohol Delivery,
Articles K
Najnowsze komentarze